基于光谱尺度空间与管道滤波的红外目标检测

为了准确地从复杂干扰背景下检测出真实弱小目标，本文引入视觉显著性，设计了基于快速光谱尺度空间与动态管道滤波的红外目标检测算法。基于真实目标与背景内容之间的整体差异，引入快速光谱尺度空间与阈值分割技术，设计视觉显著性机制，对红外图像完成处理，输出全局显著性映射，以高效过滤干扰背景内容。考虑目标与背景的局部特征差异，构建自适应局部对比度增强机制，对粗检测结果实施处理，获取对应的局部显著性映射，改善视觉显著性区域内目标的对比度。引入高斯差分理论，通过估算每一帧红外图像中的目标像素直径，形成动态管道滤波，充分消除虚警，准确识别出弱小目标。多组实验数据显示：较已有的红外目标检测技术而言，在各种不同的复杂背景干扰下，所提算法呈现出更好的检测能力，拥有更理想的接收机工作特性ROC曲线。     

Finite element analyses of slope stability problems using non-associated plasticity

In recent years, finite element analyses have increasingly been utilized for slope stability problems. In comparison to limit equilibrium methods, numerical analyses do not require any definition of the failure mechanism a priori and enable the determination of the safety level more accurately. The paper compares the performances of strength reduction finite element analysis (SRFEA) with finite element limit analysis (FELA), whereby the focus is related to non-associated plasticity. Displacement-based finite element analyses using a strength reduction technique suffer from numerical instabilities when using non-associated plasticity, especially when dealing with high friction angles but moderate dilatancy angles. The FELA on the other hand provides rigorous upper and lower bounds of the factor of safety (FoS) but is restricted to associated flow rules. Suggestions to overcome this problem, proposed by Davis (1968), lead to conservative FoSs; therefore, an enhanced procedure has been investigated. When using the modified approach, both the SRFEA and the FELA provide very similar results. Further studies highlight the advantages of using an adaptive mesh refinement to determine FoSs. Additionally, it is shown that the initial stress field does not affect the FoS when using a Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.     

Effects of solute content on microstructure of nano precipitate-fine grain synergistically reinforced copper alloys

ABSTRACT

Alloying of Fe, Co was reported to tailor microstructure of copper alloys into a nanoprecipitate-fine grain (NPFG) structure, i.e. nano-sized iron-rich precipitates dispersed inside refined grains. Here, we investigate the solute effect of Sn, Zn on NPFG structure in as-cast copper samples. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the solute effect on precipitate and grain features. Solutes restrict coarsening but facilitate undesirable morphology transition from spherical to angular of iron-rich precipitates. Meantime, solutes allow more precipitates to be active in the nucleation of copper and consequently induce finer grains. Minor Sn is added to optimise NPFG structure and leads to an excellent strength–ductility combination in Cu–1.5Fe–0.1Sn (wt-%) alloy. This work provides a solute-alloying strategy to achieve desired mechanical properties in metals.     

Estimating underground mine ventilation friction factors from low density 3D data acquired by a moving LiDAR

Ventilation system analysis for underground mines has remained mostly unchanged since the Atkinson method was made popular by Mc Elroy in 1935. Data available to ventilation technicians and engineers is typically limited to the quantity of air moving through any given heading. Because computer-aided modelling, simulation, and ventilation system design tools have improved, it is now important to ensure that developed models have the most accurate information possible. This paper presents a new technique for estimating underground drift friction factors that works by processing 3 D point cloud data obtained by using a mobile Li DAR. Presented are field results that compare the proposed approach with previously published algorithms, as well as with manually acquired measurements.     

Strain gradient differential quadrature finite element for moderately thick micro-plates

In this study, we integrate the advantages of differential quadrature method (DQM) and finite element method (FEM) to construct a C¹-type four-node quadrilateral element with 48 degrees of freedom (DOF) for strain gradient Mindlin micro-plates. This element is free of shape functions and shear locking. The C¹-continuity requirements of deflection and rotation functions are accomplished by a fourth-order differential quadrature (DQ)-based geometric mapping scheme, which facilitates the conversion of the displacement parameters at Gauss-Lobatto quadrature (GLQ) points into those at element nodes. The appropriate application of DQ rule to non-rectangular domains is proceeded by the natural-to-Cartesian geometric mapping technique. Using GLQ and DQ rules, we discretize the total potential energy functional of a generic micro-plate element into a function of nodal displacement parameters. Then, we adopt the principle of minimum potential energy to determine element stiffness matrix, mass matrix, and load vector. The efficacy of the present element is validated through several examples associated with the static bending and free vibration problems of rectangular, annular sectorial, and elliptical micro-plates. Finally, the developed element is applied to study the behavior of freely vibrating moderately thick micro-plates with irregular shapes. It is shown that our element has better convergence and adaptability than that of Bogner-Fox-Schmit (BFS) one, and strain gradient effects can cause a significant increase in vibration frequencies and a certain change in vibration mode shapes.     

Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism of complex perovskite Ca0.90Sr0.10Cu3Ti3.95Zn0.05O12 ceramic

In this work, Sr and Zn co-doped calcium copper titanate having nominal formula Ca_0.90Sr_0.10Cu₃Ti_3.95Zn_0.05O₁₂ has been synthesized and systematically studied for structure, dielectric and electrical properties. The phase purity of the prepared composition has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and various structural parameters are presented here with Rietveld refinement data. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed the presence of homogeneous fine-grained microstructure investigated in the prepared ceramic. The impedance data well fitted with 2 R-CPE model confirmed the non-ideality of the system. Dielectric studies have shown the existence of two relaxation processes in low and high frequency domains. Low frequency dielectric response proposed as a combination of Maxwell-Wagner relaxation and intrinsic defect (V_o⁺⁺) while high frequency behavior has been interpreted in terms of polaronic relaxation caused by hopping process of an electron between Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ states. The frequency dependent behavior of conductivity has been well fitted to Dong’s model and interpreted in term of Overlapping Large Polaron Tunneling (OLPT) mechanism. The various parameters; relaxation angular frequency (ω₁) of Debye process, ionic hopping frequency (ω₂₎, dc conductivity (σ_o), cole- cole parameter (α) and frequency exponent (s) have been determined by Dong’s Model fitting.     

Investigation of metallic color perception using real‐world materials

Metallic colors have a unique appearance of glossiness with features such as highlights, contrast, and reflections on their surface, and therefore, metallic objects are very attractive to humans. Especially, gold, silver, and copper colors are familiar metals used as decorative materials, coins, and other furnishings. However, the mechanism and condition of metallic perception have not been fully investigated. There are a few studies for investigating metallic perception using rendered patches or images, but there is no study using real‐world objects. In our previous study, we developed a simple representation technique that made real objects appear to be made of gold by projecting a solid color onto a target nonmetallic object. By using the representation technique, in this study, we have further investigated the perception of metallic appearance such as gold, silver, and copper using real‐world materials, and analyzed the difference between these metallic perceptions. Our results indicate that the perception of the metallic object is different for gold, silver, and copper. Our new findings are as follows: the glitter required for the perception of gold and silver becomes an obstacle to the perception of copper; the metallic perception reveals that learning experience might be strongly affecting; and luminance adjustment is sensitive to the perception of metallic objects.     

超重力在冶金和金属材料领域的研究进展及展望

超重力作为一种外场强化新技术,基于其优越的传质和相际分离特性,引起了广泛的关注。本文着重介绍了我国超重力技术在金属熔体提纯、冶金固废中有价物质的富集提取分离、金属材料凝固组织细化、非金属夹杂物的去除以及矿石气基还原等冶金和金属材料领域的研究进展和成果,提出了其应用过程中存在的科学问题,并展望了超重力技术的发展前景。虽然,目前还以实验室研究阶段为主,并未实现普适化。但作为一种外场强化新技术,其在冶金和金属材料凝固控制等相关研究体系中已突显出强大的熔体提纯、有价组分富集提取、组织细化、夹杂物去除等作用效果,这为进一步拓展超重力技术在冶金和金属材料领域的研究和开发应用提供了参考价值。超重力有望凭借自身的优点成为冶金和金属材料领域生产过程中一种新的外场技术。随着超重力设备的发展及相关科学问题的研究探索,相信在不久的将来,超重力技术必会在冶金和金属材料研究领域得到广阔的应用前景。